Editorial Type:
Article Category: Research Article
 | 
Online Publication Date: 15 Apr 2009

The Importance of being "We": Collective Identity and the Mobilizing Work of Progressive Activists in Hartford, Connecticut

Page Range: 65 – 84
DOI: 10.17813/maiq.14.1.y534010633308j7m
Save
Download PDF

This article examines the ways that collective identity influences the mobilizing work activists perform in a wide variety of progressive activities in Hartford, Connecticut, as reported in open-ended life history interviews. Using a collective identity typology based on ideology, organization, and biography, the analysis demonstrates the variety of ways in which these different "group allegiances" affect how activists raise consciousness, choose strategies and goals, pursue allies, and build coalitions. These myriad differences in mobilizing by activists with different collective identities within the same movement sector speak to the flexibility of social movement structures and to the importance of activist identity in maneuvering within those structures.

Bonelli, John, and Louise Simmons. 2004. "Coalition Building and Electoral Organizing in the Passage of Anti-Discrimination Laws: The Case of Connecticut." Journal of Gay and Lesbians Social Services 16(3-4): 35-53.

Breines, Wini. 1981. Community and Organization in the New Left, 1962-1968: The Great Refusal. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press.

Carson, Clayborne. 1981. In Struggle: SNCC and the Black Awakening of the 1960s. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

Collins, Patricia Hill. 1991. Black Feminist Thought: Knowledge, Consciousness, and the Politics of Empowerment. New York and London: Routledge.

Cruz, Jose E. 1998. Identity and Power: Puerto Rican Politics and the Challenge of Ethnicity. Philadelphia: Temple University Press.

Dawson, Michael C. 2001. Black Visions: The Roots of African American Political Ideologies. Chicago and London: University of Chicago Press.

Einwohner, Rachel. 1999. "Gender, Class, and Social Movement Outcomes: Identity and Effectiveness in Two Animal Rights Campaigns." Gender & Society 13: 56-76.

Gamson, Joshua. 1996. "The Organizational Shaping of Collective Identity: The Case of Lesbian and Gay Film Festivals in New York." Sociological Forum 11(2): 231-61.

Gamson, Joshua. 1997. "Messages of Exclusion: Gender, Movements, and Symbolic Boundaries." Gender & Society 11(2): 178-199.

Gamson, William. 1992. "The Social Psychology of Collective Action." Pp. 53-76 in Frontiers in Social Movement Theory, edited by Aldon Morris and Carol McClurg Mueller. New Haven: Yale University Press.

Glaser, Barney, and Anselm Strauss. 1967. The Discovery of Grounded Theory: Strategies for Qualitative Research. Chicago: Aldine.

Gilkes, Cheryl Townsend. 1988. "Building in Many Places: Multiple Commitments and Ideologies in Black Women's Community Work." Pp. 53-76 in Women and the Politics of Empowerment, edited by Ann Bookman and Sandra Morgen. Philadelphia: Temple University Press.

Gilmore, Stephanie, ed. 2008. Feminist Coalitions: Historical Perspectives on Second-Wave Feminism in the United States. Urbana and Chicago: University of Illinois Press.

Gilmore, Stephanie, and Elizabeth Kaminski. 2007. "A Part and Apart: Lesbian and Straight Feminist Activists Negotiate Identity in a Second-Wave Organization." Journal of the History of Sexuality 16: 95-113.

Gould, Deborah B. 2002. "Life during Wartime: Emotions and the Development of ACT UP." Mobilization 7: 177-200.

hooks, bell. 1981. Ain't I a Women: Black Women and Feminism. Boston: South End Press.

Howard, Judith. 2000. "The Social Psychology of Identities. Annual Review of Sociology 26: 367-83.

Hunt, Scott, and Robert D. Benford. 1994. "Identity Talk in the Peace and Justice Movement." Journal of Contemporary Ethnography 22: 488-517.

Hunt, Scott, and Robert D. Benford. 2005. "Collective Identity, Solidarity, and Commitment." Pp. 433-58 in The Blackwell Companion to Social Movements, edited by David A. Snow, Sarah. A. Soule, and Hans Kriesi. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing.

Jasper, James M. 1997. The Art of Moral Protest: Culture, Biography, and Creativity in Social Movements. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

Jasper, James M., and Jeff Goodwin. 1999. "Trouble in Paradigms." Sociological Forum 14: 107-125.

King, Deborah H. 1988. "Multiple Jeopardy, Multiple Consciousness: The Context of a Black Feminist Ideology." Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society 14(1): 42-72.

King, Deborah H. 2004. "Operationalizing Melucci: Metamorphosis and Passion in the Negotiation of Activists' Multiple Identities." Mobilization 9(1): 73-92.

Lendler, Marc. 1997. Crisis and Political Beliefs: The Case of the Colt Firearms Strike. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.

Mansbridge, Jane, and Aldon Morris, eds. 2001. Oppositional Consciousness: The Subjective Roots of Social Protest. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

McAdam, Doug. 1988. Freedom Summer. New York: Oxford University Press.

McAdam, Doug, Sidney Tarrow, and Charles Tilly. 2001. Dynamics of Contention. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Melucci, Alberto. 1989. Nomads of the Present: Social Movements and Individual Needs in Contemporary Society. Philadelphia: Temple University Press.

Meyer, David, and Nancy Whittier. 1994. Social Movement Spillover. Social Problems 41: 277-98.

Morris, Aldon D. 1984. The Origins of the Civil Rights Movement: Black Communities Organizing for Change. New York: Free Press.

Morris, Aldon D., and Suzanne Staggenborg. 2005. "Leadership in Social Movements." Pp. 171-196 in The Blackwell Companion to Social Movements, edited by David A. Snow, Sarah A. Soule, and Hans Kriesi. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing.

Naples, Nancy A. 1998. Grassroots Warriors: Activist Mothering, Community Work, and the War on Poverty. Philadelphia: Temple University Press.

Nepstad, Sharon Erickson. 2004. "Persistent Resistance: Commitment and Community in the Plowshares Movement." Social Problems 51: 43-60.

Polletta, Francesca, and James M. Jasper. 2001. "Collective Identity and Social Movements." Annual Review of Sociology 27: 283-305.

Reed, Adolph. 1999. Stirrings in the Jug: Black Politics in the Post-Segregation Era. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.

Reger, Jo. 2002. "More Than One Feminism: Organizational Structure and the Construction of Collective Identity." Pp. 171-184 in Social Movements: Identity, Culture, and the State, edited by David. S. Meyer, Nancy Whittier, and Belinda Robnett. London: Oxford University Press.

Robnett, Belinda. 2005. "We Don't Agree: Collective Identity Justification Work in Social Movement Organizations." Pp. 201-38 in Research in Social Movements, Conflicts and Change, vol. 26, edited by Patrick G. Coy. Amsterdam: Elsevier.

Ryan, Gery W. and H. Russell Bernard. 2005. "Data Management and Analysis Methods." Pp. 769-802 in The Handbook of Qualitative Research, 2nd ed., edited by Norman Denzin and Yvonna Lincoln. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.

Shelby, Tommie. 2005. We Who Are Dark: The Philosophical Foundations of Black Solidarity. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

Simmons, Louise. 1994. Organizing in Hard Times: Labor and Neighborhoods in Hartford. Philadelphia: Temple University Press.

Snow, David, and Doug McAdam. 2000. "Identity Work Processes in the Context of Social Movements: Clarifying the Identity/Movement Nexus." Pp. 41-67 in Self, Identity, and Social Movements, edited by Sheldon Stryker, Timothy J. Owens, and Robert W. White. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.

Stein, Arlene. 1997. Sex and Sensibility: Stories of a Lesbian Generation. Berkeley: University of California Press.

Stockdill, Brett C. 2003. Activism Against AIDS: At the Intersections of Sexuality, Race, Gender, and Class. Boulder and London: Lynne Reinner Publishers.

Stryker, Sheldon, Timothy J. Owens, and Robert W. White. 2000. "Social Psychology and Social Movements: Cloudy Past and Bright Future." Pp.1-17 in Self, Identity, and Social Movements, edited by Sheldon Stryker, Timothy J. Owens, and Robert W. White. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.

Taylor, Verta, and Nancy E. Whittier. 1992. "Collective Identity in Social Movement Communities: Lesbian Feminist Mobilization." Pp. 104-129 in Frontiers in Social Movement Theory, edited by Aldon D. Morris and Carol M. Mueller. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.

Valocchi, Stephen. 2001. "Individual Identities, Collective Identities, and Organizational Structure: The Relationship of the Political Left and Gay Liberation in the United States." Sociological Perspectives 44: 445-68.

Valocchi, Stephen. 2007. "Ideology, Organization, and Biography: The Cultural Construction of Identity Talk among Progressive Activists in Hartford, Connecticut." Pp. 189-217 in Research in Social Movements, Conflicts and Change, vol. 27, edited by Patrick G. Coy. Oxford: JAI Press.

Voss, Kim, and Rachel Sherman. 2000. "Breaking the Iron Law of Oligarchy: Union Revitalization in the American Labor Movement." American Journal of Sociology 106(2): 303-49.

Whooley, Owen. 2007. "Collective Identity." The Blackwell Encyclopedia of Sociology, edited by George Ritzer. Blackwell Reference Online. Accessed June 6, 2007.

  • Download PDF