Editorial Type:
Article Category: Research Article
 | 
Online Publication Date: 25 Nov 2008

Core-Periphery Divisions Among Labor Activists at the World Social Forum

,
, and
Page Range: 411 – 430
DOI: 10.17813/maiq.13.4.2107l2l1086467q5
Save
Download PDF

This article examines, through a quantitative analysis of survey data, the extent to which union members and labor activists attending the World Social Forum from different world system zones vary in their political goals and activities. Consistent with world systems theory, we find that labor activists from the semiperiphery protested most frequently whie their counterparts from the periphery protested the least frequently. We also found that union members and labor activists from the periphery were significantly more supportive of reforming (rather than abolishing and replacing) capitalism and international financial and trade institutions compared to their counterparts from other zones, although this finding disappears after local (Kenyan) participants are excluded from the analysis. Finally, we find that representatives of organized labor from the semiperiphery were the least supportive of proposals for creating a democratic world government, while those from the core were the most supportive of global/international strategies for social change.

Bandy, Joe, and Jackie Smith. 2005. "Factors Affecting Conflict and Cooperation in Transnational Movements Networks." Pp. 231-252 in Coalitions across Borders, Joe Bandy and Jackie Smith, eds. Lanham, MD: Rowman and Littlefield Publishers.

Bello, Walden. 2000. "UNCTAD: Time to Lead, Time to Challenge the WTO." Focus on the Global South 44: Retrieved September 2008 (www.tni.org/detail_page.phtml?page=archives_ bello_unctad). www.tni.org/detail_page.phtml?page=archives_bello_unctad

Berman, Bruce J., and John M. Lonsdale. 1980. "Crises of Accumulation, Coercion and the Colonial State: The Development of the Labor Control System in Kenya, 1919-1929." Canadian Journal of African Studies 14(1): 55-81.

Bieler, Andreas, and Adam David Morton. 2004. "'Another Europe is Possible'? Labour and Social Movements at the European Social Forum." Globalizations 1(2): 305-27.

Bond, Patrick. 2005. "Gramsci, Polanyi and Impressions from Africa on the Social Forum Phenomenon." International Journal of Urban and Regional Research 29(2): 433-40.

Boswell, Terry, and Christopher Chase-Dunn. 2000. The Spiral of Capitalism and Socialism: Toward Global Democracy. Boulder, CO: Lynne Reinner.

Brecher, Jeremy, Tim Costello, and Brendan Smith. 2002. Globalization from Below: The Power of Solidarity. Cambridge, MA: South End Press.

Chase-Dunn, Christopher. 2001. "World Systems Theorizing." Pp. 589-612 in Handbook of Sociological Theory, Jonathan H. Turner, ed. New York: Kluwer/Plenum.

Chase-Dunn, Christopher. 1998. Global Formation: Structures of the World Economy [Updated Version]. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers.

Chase-Dunn, Christopher. 1990. "Resistance to Imperialism: Semiperipheral Actors." Review 13(1): 1-31.

Chase-Dunn, Christopher, Ellen Reese, Mark Herkenrath, Rebecca Giem, Erika Gutierrez, Linda Kim, and Christine Petit. Forthcoming (2008). "North-South Contradictions and Bridges at the World Social Forum," in Rafael Reuveny and William R. Thompson, eds. Globalization, Conflict and Inequality: The Persisting Divergence of the Global North and South. Boston, MA: Blackwell Publishers.

Clawson, Dan. 2003. The Next Upsurge: Labor and New Social Movements. Ithaca, NY: ILR Press.

Ferguson, James. 2006. Global Shadows: Africa in the Neoliberal World Order. Durham, NC: Duke University Press.

Glasius, Marlies, and Jill Timms. 2006. "The Role of Social Forums in Global Civil Society: Radical Beacon or Strategic Infrastructure," Pp. 190-239 in Global Civil Society Yearbook, 2005/6, Marlies Glasius, Mary Kaldor, and Helmut Anheier, eds. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.

Goodman, Stephen H. 1969. "Trade Unions and Political Parties: The Case of East Africa." Economic Development and Cultural Change 17(3): 338-45.

Harrod, Jeffrey, and Robert O'Brien. 2002. "Organized Labour and the Global Political Economy." Pp. 3-28 in Global Unions? Theory and Strategies of Organized Labour in the Global Political Economy, Jeffrey. Harrod and Robert O'Brien, eds. New York, NY: Routledge.

Held, David, Anthony McGrew, David Goldblatt, and Jonathan Perraton. 1999. Global Transformations: Politics, Economics and Culture. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.

Human Rights Watch. 2008. "Ballots to Bullets: Organized Political Violence and Kenya's Crisis of Governance: Summary." Retrieved July 2008 hrw.org/reports/2008/kenya0308/2.htm

International Confederation of Free Trade Unions. 2006. "Kenya: Annual Survey of Violations of Trade Union Rights." Retrieved March 2008 www.icftu.org/displaydocument.asp?Index=991223895&Language=EN&Printout

International Labour Office. 1998. World Labour Report 1997-1998: Industrial Relations, Democracy, and Social Stability. Table 1.2: Trade Union Density. Retrieved May 2008 (http://ilo.law.cornell.edu/public/english/dialogue/ifpdial/publ/wlr97/annex/tab12.htm

IBASE (Brazilian Institute of Social and Economic Analyses). 2007. World Social Forum: An X-Ray of Participants in the Forum 2007. Rio de Janeiro: IBASE.

IBASE (Brazilian Institute of Social and Economic Analyses). 2005. Retrieved May 2008 www.ibase.org.br/userimages/relatorio_fsm2005_INGLES2.pdf.

Jenkins, J. Craig, and Kurt Schock. 2003. "Political Process, International Dependence, and Mass Political Conflict: A Global Analysis of Protest and Rebellion, 1973-1978." International Journal of Sociology 33(4): 41-63.

Jenkins, J. Craig, and Kurt Schock. 1992. "Global Structures and Political Processes in the Study of Domestic Political Conflict." Annual Review of Sociology 18: 161-185.

Keck, Margaret. 1984. "Update on the Brazilian Labor Movement" Latin American Perspectives 11(1): 27-34.

Kentor, Jeffrey and Terry Boswell. 2003. "Foreign Capital Dependence and Development: A New Direction." American Sociological Review: 68: 301-313.

Lambert, Rob, and Eddie Webster. 2001. "Southern Unionism and the New Labour Internationalism." Antipode 33: 37-62.

Maney, Gregory. 2002. "Transnational Structures and Protest: Linking Theories and Assessing Evidence." Pp. 31-50 in Globalization and Resistance: Transnational Dimensions of Social Movements, Jackie Smith and Hank Johnston, eds. Lanham, MD: Rowman and Littlefield Publishers.

McMichael, Philip. 2003. Development and Social Change: A Global Perspective. Thousand Oaks, CA: Pine Forge Press.

Meiksins Wood, Ellen. 1999. The Origin of Capitalism. New York: Monthly Review Press.

Meyer, David. 2003. "Political Opportunity and Nested Institutions." Social Movement Studies 2(1): 17-35.

Mine, Eder. 2002. "The Constraints on Labour Internationalism: Contradictions and Prospects." Pp. 167-184 in Global Unions? Theory and Strategies of Organized Labour in the Global Political Economy, Jeffrey Harrod and Robert O'Brien, eds. New York, NY: Routledge.

Misztal, Bronislaw. 1988. "Social Movements of the Core and the Periphery." Journal of Sociology 24(1): 65-82.

Moghadam, Valentine. 2005. Globalizing Women: Transnational Feminist Networks. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press.

Moody, Kim. 2005. "Toward an International Social-Movement Unionism." Pp. 257-72 in The Global Resistance Reader, Louise Amoore, ed. London and New York: Routledge.

Moody, Kim. 2001. Workers in a Lean World: Unions in the International Economy. New York: Verso.

O'Brien, Robert. 2000. "Workers and World Order: the Tentative Transformation of the International Union Movement." Review of International Studies 26: 533-55.

Pommerolle, Marie-Emmanuelle, and Johanna Simeant. 2008. "African Voices and Activists at the WSF in Nairobi: The Uncertain Ways of Transnational African Activism." Paper presented at the 2008 meeting of the International Studies Association conference. San Francisco.

Reese, Ellen, Mark Herkenrath, and Christopher Chase-Dunn. 2007. "Do Organizational Affiliations Shape Political Views? Evidence from the World Social Forum Surveys." Paper presented at the 2007 Workshop organized by the Collective Behavior and Social Movements Section of the American Sociological Association at Hofstra University.

Reitan, Ruth. 2007. Global Activism. London: Routledge.

Robinson, Ian. 2002. "The International Dimension of Labour Federation Economic Strategy in Canada and the United States 1947-2000." Pp. 115-129 in Global Unions? Theory and Strategies of Organized Labour in the Global Political Economy, Jeffrey Harrod and Robert O'Brien, eds. New York, NY: Routledge.

Sandoval, Salvador A.M. 2007. "Alternative Forms of Working-Class Organization and the Mobilization of Informal-Sector Workers in Brazil in the Era of Neoliberalism." International Labor and Working Class History 72: 63-89.

Santos, Bonaventura de Sousa. 2006. The Rise of the Global Left. New York: Palgrave MacMillan.

Scipes, Kim. 1992. "Understanding the New Labor Movements in the 'Third World': The Emergence of Social Movement Unionism." Critical Sociology 19: 81-101.

Seidman, Gail. 1994. Manufacturing Militance: Workers' Movements in Brazil and South Africa, 1970- 1985. Berkeley: University of California Press.

Silver, Beverly. 2003. Forces of Labor: Workers' Movements and Globalization Since 1870. New York: Cambridge University Press.

Sinek, Wendy M. 2007. "Labor's Love Lost?" Berkeley Review of Latin American Studies Spring: 48-49.

Sikkink, Kathryn. 2005. "Patterns of Dynamic Multilevel Governance and the Insider-Outsider Coalition." Pp. 151-173 in Transnational Protest and Global Activism, Donatella Della Porta and Sidney Tarrow, eds. Lanham. MD: Rowman and Littlefield Publishers.

Smith, Jackie. 2004. "Transnational Processes and Movements." Pp. 311-35 in The Blackwell Companion to Social Movements, David A. Snow, Sarah A. Soule, and Hanspeter Kriesi, eds. Malden, MA: Blackwell Publishing.

Smith, Jackie, and Joe Bandy. 2005. "Introduction: Cooperation and Conflict in Transnational Protest." Pp. 1-17 in Coalitions Across Borders, Joe Bandy and Jackie Smith, eds. Lanham, MD: Rowman and Littlefield Publishers.

Smith, Jackie, Marina Karides, Marc Becker, Dorval Brunelle, Christopher Chase-Dunn, Donatella della Porta, Rosalba Icaza Garza, Jeffrey S. Juris, Lorenzo Mosca, Ellen Reese, Peter (Jay) Smith, and Rolando Vázquez. 2008. Global Democracy and the World Social Forums. Boulder, CO: Paradigm.

Smith, Jackie, and Dawn Wiest. 2005. "The Uneven Geography of Global Civil Society: National and Global Influences on Transnational Association." Social Forces 84(2): 621-52.

Stichter, Sharon, B. 1975. "Workers, Trade Unions, and the Mau Mau Rebellion." Canadian Journal of African Studies 9(2): 259-75.

Tarrow, Sidney. 2005. The New Transnational Activism. New York: Cambridge University Press.

Tarrow, Sidney. 1998. Power in Movement: Social Movements, Collective Action, and Politics. New York: Cambridge University Press.

Thompson, E.P. 1963. The Making of the English Working Class. New York: Pantheon Books.

United States Department of State. Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor. 2007. "Country Reports on Human Rights Practices-2006." Retrieved May 2008 www.state.gov/g/drl/rls/hrrpt/2006/78740.htm

Wallerstein, Immanuel. 1976. The Modern World-System: Capitalist Agriculture and the Origins of the European World-Economy in the Sixteenth Century. New York: Academic Press.

Waterman, Peter. 2007. "Reviving the Labour Movement as a Sword of Justice: Labour at the World Social Forum, Nairobi, January 20-25, 2007." Helsinki, Finland: Network Institute for Global Democratization.

Waterman, Peter. 2005. "Talking Across Difference in an Inter-connected World of Labor." Pp. 141-161 in Coalitions Across Borders: Transnational Protest and the Neoliberal Order, Joe Bandy and Jackie Smith, eds. Lanham, MD: Rowman and Littlefield Publishers.

Waterman, Peter. 2004. "Adventures of Emancipatory Labour Strategy as the New Global Movement Challenges International Unionism." Journal of World Systems Research 10: 217-53.

Waterman, Peter, and Jill Timms. 2004. "Trade Union Internationalism and A Global Civil Society in the Making." Pp. 178-202 in Marlies Glasius, Mary Kaldor, and Helmut Anheier, eds. Global Civil Society 2004/5. London: Sage Publications.

Wiest, Dawn, and Jackie Smith. 2007. "Explaining Participation in Regional Transnational Social Movement Organizations." International Journal of Comparative Sociology 48(2-3): 137-166.

  • Download PDF